Transmission of Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is a disease with a significant global impact. According to the World Health Organization there are 170 million people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). There are considerable regional differences. In Europe and the United States chronic hepatitis C is the most common chronic liver disease. The majority of liver transplants performed in these regions are for chronic HCV. It is difficult to determine the...

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Simple music from John Lennon - Imagine (official video)

Imagine - John Lennon Imagine - John Lennon, A song about humanis...

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Signs and Symptoms of Hydrocephalus

The signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus in infants and children vary depending on their age, the degree of hydrocephalus at presentation, the primary etiology, and the time over which the hydrocephalus develops. Ventriculomegaly can progress without obvious signs of increased intracranial pressure because of the plasticity of the infant brain and the ability of the cranium to expand. In full-term infants, signs often include...

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Nurse’s Ethical Duty in Wound Care

Performing an evaluation, assessment, or management of any type of wound is an ethical endeavor and may present ethical challenges at times. The specific concepts of paternalism, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, fidelity, role fidelity, veracity, therapeutic privilege, conflict of interest, confidentiality, and justice will be addressed. The nurse might wonder why consideration of morals is of any importance when...

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Overview of Respiratory Function

The major function of lungs and pulmonary circulation as the pulmonary system is to deliver oxygen (O2) to cells and remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the cells (gas exchange). The adequacy of oxygenation and ventilation is measured by partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2). The pulmonary system also functions as a blood reservoir for the left ventricle when it is needed...

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Biologic and Genetic Principles on Nursing

The impact of genetics on nursing is significant. The American Nurses Association (ANA) officially recognized genetics as a nursing specialty. This effort was spearheaded by the International Society of Nurses in Genetics (ISONG), which also initiated credentialing for the Advanced Practice Nurse in Genetics and the Genetics Clinical Nurse. ANA and ISONG have collaborated in the establishment of a scope and standards of practice...

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Using Electrocardiography (ECG) to Measures the Heart's Electrical Activity

Prepare the machine by placing the ECG machine close to the patient's bed, and plug the power cord into the wall outlet. To accommodate the precordial leads and minimize electrical interference on the ECG tracing, remove the electrodes if the patient is already connected to a cardiac monitor. Keep the patient away from objects that might cause electrical interference, such as equipment, fixtures, and power cords. Explain the...

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Educational and Competency Requirements for The Administration and Supply of Medications by Nurses in Rural and Remote Areas

Following are the areas of responsibility that rural and remote nurses must accept if medication management is to become part of their legal practice. Knowledge of Medicines:Nurses should have contemporary knowledge of pharmacology for safe and appropriate nursing practice in rural and remote communities. The nurse also must have sound knowledge and skills relating to medications in their facility’s approved medication list....

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Materials of Bandaging

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Bandaging is both a science and an art. The proper bandage, properly applied, can aid materially in the recovery of the patient. A improperly or carelessly applied bandage can cause discomfort to the patient and may imperil his life. Bandages are employed to hold dressings, to secure splints, to create pressure, to immobilize (make immovable)...

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ECG Waveforms And Components

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The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a graphic recording ofelectric potentials generated by the heart.The signals are detected by means of metal electrodes attached to the extremities and chest wall and are then amplified and recorded by the electrocardiograph. ECG leads actually display the instantaneous differences in potential between these...

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What Are Involve at Planning of Care?

Planning involves three subsets: setting priorities, writing expected outcomes, and establishing target dates. Planning sets the stage for writing nursing actions by establishing where we are going with our plan of care. Planning further assists in the final phase of evaluation by defining the standard against which we will measure progress. Setting Priorities With the sicker, quicker problem discussed earlier, you are going...

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Buying The Right Parts For Your Vehicle

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Before you go shopping for some parts to replace those on your vehicle, read the tips in this section carefully. They can help you avoid what’s probably the most annoying part of any automotive job: disabling your vehicle to work on it only to find that you need it to drive back to the store to exchange the stuff they sold you in error!...

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How a Stethoscope Works

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A stethoscope is a medical device for listening to sounds inside the body. The initial stethoscope was invented in the early 19th century by French physician René Laennec, but was actually trying to achieve a rather different end: doctor-patient distance. The stethoscope can be placed against the patient's chest to listen to her breath or...

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Essential Skills For Assessment In Nursing Process Steps

Assessment requires the use of the skills needed for interviewing, conducting a physical examination, and observing patients. As with the nursing process itself, these skills are not used one at a time. While you are interviewing the patient, you are also observing and determining physical areas that require a detailed physical assessment. While completing a physical assessment, you are asking questions (interviewing) and observing...

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Care Plan Or Planning Of Care?

Revisions of nursing standards created questions regarding the necessity of nursing care plans. Some have predicted the rapid demise of the care plan, according to Brider, but review of the revised nursing standards shows that the standards require not less but more detailed care planning documentation in the patient’s medical record. Review of the new criteria indicates that the standards require documentation related to the...

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Care Plan For Decreased Cardiac Output

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Nursing diagnosis for decreased cardiac output may be related to altered myocardial contractility, inotropic changes; alterations in rate, rhythm, electrical conduction; or structural changes, such as valvular defects and ventricular aneurysm. It is possibly evidenced by increased heart rate (tachycardia), dysrhythmias, ECG changes; changes...

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Gorengan Lezat Namun Biang Kolesterol?

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Beberapa orang menyebutkan bahwa makanan yang digoreng adalah musuh bagi tubuh... Benarkah? Pada dasarnya tubuh kita juga memerlukan kolesterol dengan kadar tertentu, namun kandungan minyak untuk menggoreng biasanya bisa menyebabkan naiknya kolesterol jahat (LDL). Apakah semua minyak goreng pasti mengandung lemak jenuh penyebab...

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Electrocardiography: Equipment Preparation

One of the most valuable and frequently used diagnostic tools, electrocardiography (ECG) measures the heart's electrical activity as waveforms. Impulses moving through the heart's conduction system create electric currents that can be monitored on the body's surface. Electrodes attached to the skin can detect these electric currents and transmit them to an instrument that produces a record (the electrocardiogram) of cardiac...

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Cardiovascular Disorders: The Leading Cause of Death

The responsibility of caring for patients with these disorders pervades nearly every area of nursing practice. As a result, cardiovascular care ranks as one of the most rapidly growing areas of nursing. In addition, it's one of the most rapidly changing fields, with the continuing proliferation of new diagnostic tests, new drugs and other treatments, and sophisticated monitoring equipment. Consequently, nurses face a constant...

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Focus Charting System As Nursing Documentation Tool

The Focus Charting system has been designed by nurses for documentation of frequent/repetitive care and to encourage viewing the client from a positive rather than a negative (problem only) perspective. Charting is focused on client and nursing concerns, with the focal point of client status and the associated nursing care. A Focus is usually a client problem/concern or nursing diagnosis but is not a medical diagnosis or a nursing...

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Basic Procedures That Must Be Understood By Every Nurse

Patients come to the hospital and other health facilities because they require skilled clinical observation and treatment. Millions of people hospitalized each year, and for the most part, it was a trying experience. Inpatient care dealing with patients' needs for privacy and control of his life. He should release at least part of the normal routine. He had to rely on you and your co-workers to meet basic needs. Depending on...

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To Care for Others

To care for other...

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