Gorengan Lezat Namun Biang Kolesterol?

Beberapa orang menyebutkan bahwa makanan yang digoreng adalah musuh bagi tubuh... Benarkah? Pada dasarnya tubuh kita juga memerlukan kolesterol dengan kadar tertentu, namun kandungan minyak untuk menggoreng biasanya bisa menyebabkan naiknya kolesterol jahat (LDL). 
Apakah semua minyak goreng pasti mengandung lemak jenuh penyebab kolesterol...? 
Ada cara lho yang dapat kita lakukan agar tubuh tetap sehat meski suka sekali makan goreng-gorengan. Diantaranya adalah menggunakan minyak untuk menggoreng dua kali atau tiga kali saja, tiriskan makanan setelah digoreng dan letakkan pada kertas yang dapat menyerap kadar minyak dalam makanan, jangan terlalu sering mengkonsumsi gorengan di penjual pinggir jalan, gunakan minyak zaitun atau minyak dengan kadar lemak jenuh yang rendah.

Selanjutnya terserah Anda.

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Electrocardiography: Equipment Preparation

One of the most valuable and frequently used diagnostic tools, electrocardiography (ECG) measures the heart's electrical activity as waveforms. Impulses moving through the heart's conduction system create electric currents that can be monitored on the body's surface. Electrodes attached to the skin can detect these electric currents and transmit them to an instrument that produces a record (the electrocardiogram) of cardiac activity.

ECG can be used to identify myocardial ischemia and infarction, rhythm and conduction disturbances, chamber enlargement, electrolyte imbalances, and drug toxicity.
The standard 12-lead ECG uses a series of electrodes placed on the extremities and the chest wall to assess the heart from 12 different views (leads). The 12 leads consist of three standard bipolar limb leads (designated I, II, III), three unipolar augmented leads (aVR, aVL, aVF), and six unipolar precordial leads (V1 to V6). The limb leads and augmented leads show the heart from the frontal plane. The precordial leads show the heart from the horizontal plane.
The ECG device measures and averages the differences between the electrical potential of the electrode sites for each lead and graphs them over time. This creates the standard ECG complex, called PQRST. The P wave represents atrial depolarization; the QRS complex, ventricular depolarization; and the T wave, ventricular repolarization. (See Reviewing ECG waveforms and components.)

Variations of standard ECG include exercise ECG (stress ECG) and ambulatory ECG (Holter monitoring). Exercise ECG monitors heart rate, blood pressure, and ECG waveforms as the patient walks on a treadmill or pedals a stationary bicycle. For ambulatory ECG, the patient wears a portable Holter monitor to record heart activity continually over 24 hours.
Today, ECG is typically accomplished using a multichannel method. All electrodes are attached to the patient at once, and the machine prints a simultaneous view of all leads.

Equipment
ECG machine ; recording paper ; disposable pregelled electrodes ; 4″ × 4″ gauze pads ; optional: clippers, marking pen.

Preparation of equipment
Place the ECG machine close to the patient's bed, and plug the power cord into the wall outlet. If the patient is already connected to a cardiac monitor, remove the electrodes to accommodate the precordial leads and minimize electrical interference on the ECG tracing. Keep the patient away from objects that might cause electrical interference, such as equipment, fixtures, and power cords.

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Cardiovascular Disorders: The Leading Cause of Death

The responsibility of caring for patients with these disorders pervades nearly every area of nursing practice. As a result, cardiovascular care ranks as one of the most rapidly growing areas of nursing. In addition, it's one of the most rapidly changing fields, with the continuing proliferation of new diagnostic tests, new drugs and other treatments, and sophisticated monitoring equipment. Consequently, nurses face a constant challenge to keep up with the latest developments.

Today, nurses assume much of the responsibility for preparing patients physically and psychologically for their hospitalization and ongoing care. Specifically, they play a pivotal role in teaching patients and their families about test and procedure preparation and follow-up care, drugs and other treatments, disease prevention, and lifestyle modification. Through patient teaching, nurses can help patients reduce stress and comply with prescribed therapy.

Cardiac and hemodynamic monitoring represent critical cardiovascular care responsibilities. Cardiac monitoring involves either hardwire or telemetric systems that continuously record the patient's cardiac activity. This makes monitoring useful not only for assessing cardiac rhythm, but also for gauging a patient's response to drug therapy and for preventing complications associated with diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Once used only in critical care areas, cardiac monitoring is now performed in high-risk obstetric, general medical, pediatric, and transplantation departments.

Similarly, hemodynamic monitoring has become more widely used since its inception in the 1970s. It uses invasive techniques to measure pressure, flow, and resistance within the cardiovascular system. Made with a pulmonary artery (PA) catheter, these measurements are used to guide therapy. Hemodynamic monitoring includes pulmonary artery pressure monitoring, cardiac output measurement, right ventricular ejection fraction and volume measurement, temporary pacing through the PA catheter, and continuous evaluation of mixed venous oxygen saturation.

In cardiovascular emergencies, nurses may perform or assist with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, defibrillation, cardioversion, and temporary pacing. Carrying out these life-saving procedures calls for in-depth knowledge of cardiovascular anatomy, physiology, and equipment as well as sound assessment and intervention techniques. Only nurses with up-to-date information and sharpened skills can provide safe, effective patient care.

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Focus Charting System As Nursing Documentation Tool

The Focus Charting system has been designed by nurses for documentation of frequent/repetitive care and to encourage viewing the client from a positive rather than a negative (problem only) perspective. Charting is focused on client and nursing concerns, with the focal point of client status and the associated nursing care. A Focus is usually a client problem/concern or nursing diagnosis but is not a medical diagnosis or a nursing task/treatment (e.g., wound care, indwelling catheter insertion, tube feeding).

We track what is happening to the client at any given moment by recording of assessment, interventions, and evaluation using Data, Action, and Response (DAR) categories. Thus, the four components of this charting system are:

1. Focus: Nursing diagnosis, client problem/concern, signs/ symptoms of potential importance (e.g., fever, dysrhythmia, edema), a significant event or change in status or specific standards of care/agency policy.
2. Data: Subjective/objective information describing and/or supporting the Focus.
3. Action: Immediate/future nursing actions based on assessment and consistent with/complementary to the goals and nursing action recorded in the client plan of care.
4. Response: Describes the effects of interventions and whether the goal was met.

You can find charting examples that based on the data within the client situation by using google search.

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Basic Procedures That Must Be Understood By Every Nurse

Patients come to the hospital and other health facilities because they require skilled clinical observation and treatment. Millions of people hospitalized each year, and for the most part, it was a trying experience. Inpatient care dealing with patients' needs for privacy and control of his life. He should release at least part of the normal routine. He had to rely on you and your co-workers to meet basic needs. Depending on the complexity of health problems, he and his family may also require teaching, counseling, coordination of care, development of community support systems, and help in coping with changes related to health in his life.

Some broader aims of your care are helping the patient cope with restricted mobility; giving him a comfortable, stimulating environment; making sure his stay is free from hazards; promoting an uneventful recovery; and helping him return to his normal life.

Each time the patient's condition deter or prevent mobility, then your nursing goals include promoting independence by motivating him, helped him set goals, to prevent injury and complications of immobility, he teaches the skills needed, and encourage a positive body image, especially if he faces a long term or permanent immobility.

Besides weakening the patient, illness and any accompanying treatment may impair his judgment and contribute to accidents. Be alert to hazards in the patient's environment, and teach him and his family to recognize and correct them. When caring for a patient with restricted mobility, you must help him as he's moved, lifted, and transported. By using proper body mechanics and appropriate assistive devices, you can prevent injury, fatigue, and discomfort for the patient and yourself. To prevent complications, be sure to use correct positioning, meticulous skin care, assistive devices, and regular turning and range-of-motion exercises.

The first step toward rehabilitation typically is progressive ambulation, which should begin as soon as possible if necessary, using such assistive devices as a cane, crutches, or a walker. Demonstrating a technique such as transferring from a bed to a wheelchair during hospitalization helps the patient and his family to understand it. Allowing them to practice it under your supervision gives them the confidence to perform it at home. Encourage them to provide positive reinforcement to motivate the patient to work toward his goals.

 

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To Care for Others

To care for others.

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