A stethoscope is a medical device for listening to sounds inside the body. The initial stethoscope was invented in the early 19th century by French physician Ren� Laennec, but was actually trying to achieve a rather different end: doctor-patient distance....
Nursing diagnosis for decreased cardiac output may be related to altered myocardial contractility, inotropic changes; alterations in rate, rhythm, electrical conduction; or structural changes, such as valvular defects and ventricular aneurysm. ...
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a graphic recording ofelectric potentials generated by the heart.The signals are detected by means of metal electrodes attached to the extremities and chest wall and are then amplified and recorded by the electrocardiograph. ECG leads actually display the instantaneous differences in potential between these electrodes. ...
Activity
|
Score
|
Infant/non-verbal child (<2 years)
|
Verbal child/adult (>2 years)
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
Eye Opening |
4 |
Spontaneous |
Spontaneous |
|
3 |
To Speech |
To verbal stimuli |
||
2 |
To Pain Only |
To Pain Only |
||
1 |
No Response |
No Response |
||
Motor Response |
6 |
Normal/ spontaneous movement |
Obeys commands |
|
5 |
Withdraws to touch |
Localizes pain |
||
4 |
Withdraws to pain |
Flexion withdrawal |
||
3 |
Abnormal flexion (decorticate) |
Abnormal flexion |
||
2 |
Extension (decerebrate) |
Extension (decerebrate) |
||
1 |
No response |
No response |
||
2–5 years
|
> 5 years
|
|||
Verbal Response |
5 |
Cries appropriately, coos |
Appropriate words |
Oriented |
4 |
Irritable crying |
Inappropriate words |
Confused |
|
3 |
Inappropriate screaming / crying |
Screams |
Inappropriate |
|
2 |
Grunts |
Grunts |
Incomprehensible |
|
1 |
No Response |
No Response |
No Response | |
Tool name
|
Revised Denver
developmental
screening test
(Denver II)
|
Prescreening
developmental questionnaire
R-PDQ)
|
Developmental
profile II
|
Draw a person
(DAP) test
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
Author |
Frankenburg [13] |
Frankenburg et al. [14] |
Alpern et al. [1] |
Goodenough [15] |
Items scored |
Gross motor Fine motor Language Personal-social |
Parent answered prescreen of items on Denver II |
Physical Self-help Social Academic Communication |
Score for body parts |
Age range |
Birth–6 years |
Birth–6 years |
Birth–7 years |
5–17 years |
Interview |
Parent/child |
Parent only |
Parent/child |
Child only |
Testing time |
30–40 minutes |
15–20 min |
20–40 min |
As needed |
Training/certified |
Yes |
Self-instruction |
Self-instruction |
Self-instruction |
Pros/cons |
Range of items Identify child’s strengths/weakness Validity tested Cultural bias Teaching tool |
Parent report Can rescreen If delays administer Denver II |
Range of items Low rate of sensitivity |
Nonverbal Nonthreatening Cultural unbias Few items to score Gives IQ score |
